1. Appearance Quality
- Color uniformity: The color of the veneer should be consistent and uniform, without noticeable color differences. When viewed from different angles or lighting, the color should not vary significantly.
- Texture clarity: The veneer’s texture should be clear, natural, and align with the design requirements. It should not appear blurred, broken, or deformed.
- Surface flatness: The veneer surface should be smooth and flat, free from defects like bubbles, wrinkles, or scratches. It should adhere tightly to the substrate without gaps or warping.
- Gloss: The veneer’s gloss should match design specifications and not appear too glossy or dull. The gloss level must be consistent and uniform across the surface.
2. Physical Properties
- Wear resistance: The veneer should demonstrate high wear resistance, able to withstand daily friction and contact. This is typically tested through a friction test, where the veneer should show no noticeable wear after a set number of rubs.
- Scratch resistance: The veneer must resist scratches from sharp objects. Scratch tests using various hardness levels are performed to ensure the veneer’s surface remains scratch-free.
- Weather resistance: The veneer should maintain its appearance (color, texture, and gloss) despite exposure to varying environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and light.
- Tensile strength: The veneer must have sufficient tensile strength to avoid stretching, deforming, or cracking during use. Tensile tests are used to measure the veneer’s durability under stress.
3. Chemical Properties
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- Environmental protection: The veneer must comply with environmental regulations, containing no harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, or heavy metals. Testing for harmful substances is used to ensure safety.
- Chemical corrosion resistance: The veneer should resist chemical corrosion. It is tested by submerging the veneer in different chemical reagents to check for surface changes such as corrosion or discoloration.
4. Fitting Performance
- Adhesion: The veneer must adhere well to the substrate, preventing it from peeling off during use. Adhesion is tested through a peel test, requiring the veneer to stay intact under a specific force.
- High and low temperature resistance: The veneer must retain its adhesion and appearance when exposed to extreme temperatures. Testing is conducted under high and low temperature conditions to ensure no blistering, peeling, or other issues.
5. Dimensional Stability
- Dimensional accuracy: The veneer’s dimensions (length, width, thickness) should match design specifications within an acceptable tolerance range.
- Thermal stability: The veneer should maintain its size and shape when exposed to high temperatures. Tests are conducted under heat to check for deformation or shrinkage.
